L’Enfant et les Sortilèges by Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) premiered in 1926 at the Monte Carlo Opera under the baton of Victor de Sabata. The French writer Colette wrote the libretto, and the opera was accompanied by choreography by a very young Balanchine. Ravel began composing the opera in 1918 soon after he received the libretto from Colette. The work counts among Ravel’s post-war compositions that emphasize bolder harmonic formulation, exoticism of the natural world, and fantasy. The public favorably received the opera, and it was soon performed to packed houses in Paris, London and much of Europe. Despite its overwhelming European popularity, L’Enfant et les Sortilèges did not receive its American debut until 1981 at the Metropolitan Opera. Ravel scored the opera for full orchestra, however, he also made multiple chamber reductions. The full score calls for two flutes and piccolo, two oboes, English horn, two B flat clarinets, E flat clarinet, bass clarinet, two bassoons, contra-bassoon, sarrusophone, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, timpani in D, triangle, tambourine, cymbals, bass drum, tam-tam, slapstick, ratchet, cheese grater, wood block, wind machine, crotales, side whistle, xylophone, two harps, celesta, piano and strings. The most commonly performed reduction calls for two pianos, flute, cello, and percussion.
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